Industrial wastewater that has a greater impact on water pollution mainly comes from steel plants, refineries, various chemical plants, electroplating plants, paper mills, printing and dyeing plants, synthetic fiber plants, and coking plants in the three major sectors of metallurgy, chemical industry, and light industry. Gasworks, etc. Common industrial wastewater and the harmful substances it contains.
After industrial wastewater pollutes water bodies or soil, it can harm human health and worsen living and sanitary conditions:
1. Poisoning occurs: Many pollutants in industrial wastewater are poisons and can poison people. For example, cyanide in wastewater is highly toxic, and oral administration of 0.06 to 0.12g (cyanide) can cause death; arsenic pollution in water bodies can also cause poisoning; nitrite in water bodies can cause methemoglobinemia in children after drinking water; mercury compounds are discharged into water bodies Afterwards, it can be converted into methylmercury in the substrate, which is gradually enriched in the aquatic food chain, and finally enters the human body due to eating fish, causing methylmercury poisoning; after cadmium compounds pollute water bodies, due to the content of food in drinking water and irrigated farmland, Cadmium causes cadmium poisoning and makes people suffer from Itai-Itai disease; after radioactive wastewater contaminates water bodies or soil, residents can suffer internal and external radiation hazards. After industrial wastewater is used to irrigate fields or pollute groundwater in other ways, the poisons in the wastewater often find it difficult to purify themselves in the groundwater and are difficult to remove.
2. Cause cancer: Industrial wastewater contains carcinogens, such as arsenic, benzo(a)pyrene, asbestos, etc. Long-term drinking of polluted water can cause liver cancer or cancer of the digestive tract. It has been reported that residents in areas with contaminated drinking water sources have a higher incidence of cancer.
3. Increased teratogenesis rate: Many pollutants in industrial wastewater have teratogenic effects. For example, when wastewater discharged from factories contains methylmercury, dimethyl sulfoxide, certain organophosphorus pesticides, etc., that pollute the water body, pregnant women may suffer from teratogenesis due to drinking water: premature birth, miscarriage, or fetal malformation. In recent years, some obstetrics and gynecology hospitals have reported that the rate of neonatal malformations is increasing.
4. Cause mutagenic effects: Mutagenic substances in industrial wastewater can cause mutations in human biological genetic material DNA, causing hereditary harm and affecting future generations. In recent years, the Ames test has been conducted on water polluted by industrial wastewater after extraction, and positive results have been obtained. Tests have also been conducted on industrial wastewater sludge, which is believed to contain mutagenic substances. Experiments have shown that most mutagens also have carcinogenic effects.
5. Infectious diseases: Industrial wastewater from biological products factories, slaughterhouses, etc., can contain pathogens. After contaminating water or soil, water-borne infectious diseases such as dysentery, typhoid fever, infectious hepatitis, etc., will occur and be prevalent in drinking water or vegetables. The characteristic of the epidemic of this type of infectious disease is that many patients appear in a short period, and the incidence is mostly concentrated in areas with contaminated water sources and vegetables.
6. Affects the sensory properties of water quality: When industrial wastewater pollutes water bodies, it can increase the turbidity of the water and cause the unique color, odor, taste, and oily film of pollutants to appear. After paper mills and synthetic detergent wastewater are discharged into water bodies, they can produce persistent foam on the water surface. When a large amount of oxygen-consuming organic matter in wastewater is discharged into the water body, it will easily consume the dissolved oxygen in the water, causing hypoxia in the water body. These all arouse residents' disgust. In addition, it also hurts tourism and water sports.
7. After industrial wastewater pollutes water bodies or soil, it can affect fishery production, damage crops, cause yield reduction, and reduce the quality of industrial products; excess nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen (including ammonia), can lead to eutrophication of receiving water bodies or over-fertilization, which May be toxic to aquatic life, promote excessive plant growth, reduce available oxygen, damage spawning grounds, alter habitat, and cause population declines of some species;
In addition, industrial wastewater is discharged directly for many years, and useful substances are lost in the wastewater, which also causes a lot of economic losses.
