How Do Wastewater Treatment Plants Work?

9/20/2024

When sewage enters the plant, it first passes through ① interception well (allowing sewage that can be treated to enter the plant for treatment), enters ② coarse screen (salvage larger slag), to ③ sewage pump (raising the height of sewage), to ④ fine screen (salvage smaller slag), to ⑤ sedimentation tank (based on gravity separation, the inorganic particles with larger specific gravity of sewage are precipitated and removed), to ⑥ biochemical tank (using activated sludge method to remove BOD5, SS and various forms of nitrogen or phosphorus in sewage), enters ⑦ final sedimentation tank (remove excess sludge and return sludge), and enters ⑧D filter Pool (further reduce SS, so that the effluent reaches the national first-level standard) enters ultraviolet disinfection ⑨ (kills E. coli in the water) and then ⑩ effluent biochemical pool, part of the sludge out of the final sedimentation tank is used as the return sludge of the biochemical pool, and the rest is sent to the sludge dehydration room for dehydration and transportation. There are mainly physical treatment methods, biochemical treatment methods, and chemical treatment methods. Biochemical treatment methods are often used. The mainstream treatment method mainly depends on the quality of the treated water and the conditions of the receiving water body. The mainstream treatment method for general urban domestic sewage is biochemical treatment, such as the activated sludge method, mbr, and other methods.



Sewage treatment, to make sewage after a certain method of treatment, reach certain set standards, discharge into a water body, discharge into a certain water body or reuse, etc., certain measures or methods are taken.

Modern sewage treatment technology can be divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment according to the degree of treatment.

Primary treatment: mainly removes suspended solid pollutants in sewage. Most physical treatment methods can only meet the requirements of primary treatment. After primary treatment, BOD can generally be removed by about 30%, which does not meet the discharge standard. Primary treatment is a pretreatment of secondary treatment.

Secondary treatment: mainly removes organic pollutants (BOD, COD substances) in colloidal and dissolved states in sewage, with a removal rate of more than 90%, so that organic pollutants meet the discharge standard.

Tertiary treatment: further treats difficult-to-degrade organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, and other soluble inorganic substances that can cause eutrophication of water bodies. The main methods include biological denitrification and phosphorus removal, coagulation and sedimentation, sand ratio, activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, and electroosmotic analysis.

The whole process is that the sewage lifting pump lifts the raw sewage from the coarse filter, passes through the filter or screener, and then enters the sand settling tank. The sewage, separated by sand and water, enters the primary sedimentation tank. The above is the primary treatment (i.e., physical treatment). The effluent from the primary sedimentation tank enters the biological treatment equipment, including the activated sludge and biofilm methods. The effluent of the biological treatment equipment enters the secondary sedimentation tank. The effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank is disinfected and discharged or enters tertiary treatment. The end of the primary treatment is the secondary treatment.

Tertiary treatment includes biological denitrification and phosphorus removal, coagulation sedimentation, sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, and electrodialysis. Part of the sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank is returned to the primary sedimentation tank or biological treatment equipment, and part enters the sludge concentration tank and then the sludge digestion tank. After dehydration and drying equipment, the sludge is finally used.

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